Por Damir Galaz-Mandakovic Fernández, Tocopilla y su Historia
La panorámica tocopillana de la década del 70 nos ofrecía una sorprendente imagen de vergel, constituyéndose un verdadero contraste con el desierto y el paisaje urbano.
La microagricultura en los patios, las quintas y los huertos profundizaron la tensión con la aridez del desierto en aras de la subsistencia, autoabastecimiento y cierta soberanía alimentaria, todo con base en emprendimientos familiares, siendo los inmigrantes europeos los precursores. Sin duda que la memoria de la guerra y de las hambrunas europeas estimularon estos procesos en el desierto que los acogía, ejerciéndose una gestión de escasos recursos y una minuciosa racionalización del agua, la cual, dicho sea de paso, no era tan cara como hoy.
La prensa de Tocopilla indicó el 13 de agosto 1949 que “la producción de hortalizas puede considerarse de cierta importancia, ya que con ella se abastece no solo el puerto, sino que también las oficinas salitreras del interior por medio de Anglo Chilena, que compra el 75% de la producción (…). Entre las hortalizas que se cultivan en las quintas del puerto están las lechugas, rabanitos, acelgas, espinacas, cebollas, apio, perejil y zanahorias. Como fuente de producción anexa de las quintas están las margaritas, claveles, alhelíes, pensamientos, amor seco, dalias y los famosos conejitos”.
En calle Matta estaba la Quinta de las señoritas Aguirre y la Quinta del practicante Sepúlveda. Otras conocidas de la ciudad eran la Quinta de Stijepsi, la Quinta de Spiro Lepetić, el jardín de los Nishihara (esquina de Matta con Washington), la Quinta de los Vučina, la Quinta Barraza, en calle Sucre entre Washington y Freire, las quintas de Panayotopulos, una en calle Prat, entre Freire y Washington, y la otra cercana al estadio. Y así podríamos seguir, ya que el listado es larguísimo.
Esta vocación de autarquía local colapsaría con la neoliberalización de la economía en la década del 70, debido a la aparición de grandes consorcios agropecuarios, el encarecimiento y la privatización paulatina del agua, la desaparición de los precursores, la escasa transmisión de saberes de los hortelanos y la irrupción de grandes almacenes que estaban articulados con grandes productores del sur de Chile.
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Tocopilla: las quintas – ArteNorte
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